A

AABW

Antarctic Bottom Water

ABMT

Area-based Management Tools

ABNJ

Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

ABS

Australian Bureau of Statistics

ACGF

Arctic Coast Guard Forum

ACs

Advisory Councils

AECO

Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators

AEPS

Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy

AGGI

Annual Greenhouse Gas Index

AIDCP

Agreement on the International Dolphin Conservation Programme

AIS

Automatic Identification System

AMAP

Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

AMERB

Áreas de Manejo y Explotación de Recursos Bentónicos; Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources

AMOC

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

APEI

Area of particular environmental interest

ARCSAR

Arctic and North Atlantic Security and Emergency Preparedness Network

ARGO

International Deep-Sea-Drifterprogramme

ARGO

Array for Realtime Geostrophic Oceanograph

ASC

Aquaculture Stewardship Council; quality label for socially and ecologically sustainable aquaculture

ASCOBANS

Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas

ASFR

Arctic Security Forces Roundtable

ASOC

Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition

ATCM

Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting

ATS

Antarctic Treaty System

AUD

Currency code of Australian dollar

AUV

Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

AWIPEV

German-French Arctic research station operated by the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) and the Polar Institute Paul-Émile Victor (IPEV) in Ny-Ålesund on Spitsbergen, Svalbard

AZT

Azidothymidine; medication

B

B

Biomass

B_Lim

Limit biomass

B_MSY

Biomass maximum sustainable yield

B_PA

Biomass precautionary approach

BALEX

Baltic Exercise (international oil-spill response exercise in the Baltic Sea)

BASF

German chemical group

BB

Bornholm Basin

BBNJ

Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction

BECCS

Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage

BEF

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning

BGR

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe; German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

BOBLME

Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem

BONNEX

Bonn Convention Exercise (international oil-spill response exercise in the North Sea)

BOP

Blowout preventer (for gas and oil from a well)

BRIC

Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC States)

BSEE

US Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement

BSH

German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency

BSR

Bottom simulating reflector

C

Ca

Symbol of calcium

CaCO₃

Chemical formula for calcium carbonate (lime)

CAFF

Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna

CAMLR

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

CARA

Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal

CARIBE EWS

Caribbean and Adjacent Regions Early Warning System

CaSiO₃

Chemical formula for silicate rocks

CBD

Convention on Biological Diversity

CCAMLR

Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

CCAS

Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals

CCBSP

Convention on the Conservation and Management of Pollock Resources in the Central Bering Sea

CCLME

Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem

CCS

Carbon Capture and Storage

CCSBT

Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna

CCU

Carbon Capture and Utilization

CCZ

Clarion-Clipperton Zone

CDR

Carbon Dioxide Removal

CFCA

Community Fisheries Control Agency

CFCs

Chlorofluorocarbons

CFP

Common Fisheries Policy

CH₄

Chemical formula for methane

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

CKW

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

CLCS

Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf

CLIA

Cruise Lines International Association

CMI

China Merchants Industry Holdings

CMS

Convention on Migratory Species

CNCR

Constant Natural Capital Rule

CNPC

China National Petroleum Corporation

CO₂

Chemical formula for carbon dioxide

COL

Consortium for Ocean Leadership

COMNAP

Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs

COS

Center for Oceans Solutions

Cosco

China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company

CPUE

Catch per unit effort

CRAMRA

Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities

CSI

Cetacean Society International

CZM

Coastal Zone Management

CZMAI

Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute

D

DAC

Direct Air Capture

DACCS

Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage

DACCU

Direct Air Carbon Capture and Utilization

DART

Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis

DDT

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; insecticide

DESA

Department of Economic and Social Affairs

DHA

Docosahexaenoic acid

DIC

Dissolved inorganic carbon

DISCOL

Disturbance and Recolonization (research project)

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DOALOS

Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea

DOE

US Department of Energy

DSCC

Deep Sea Conservation Coalition

dwt

Deadweight Tonnage

E

EBSA

Ecologically or biologically significant marine area

ECA

Emission Control Areas

ECJ

European Court of Justice

ECMT

European Conference of Ministers of Transportation

EEC

European Economic Community

EEX

European Energy Exchange

EEZ

Exclusive Economic Zone

EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment

EMSEA

European Marine Science Educators Association

EOR

Enhanced Oil Recovery (for example injection of gases)

EPA

Eicosapentaenoic acid

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

EPPPs

Environmentally Persistent Pharmaceutical Pollutants

EPPR

Emergency Prevention, Preparedness and Response

EU

European Union

EU ETS

European Union Emissions Trading System

F

F

Fishing mortality rate

F_LIM

Fishing mortality rate limit biomass

F_PA

Precautionary fishing mortality rate

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

FMP

Fishery management plan

FPSO

Floating production storage and offloading units

G

GAO

Government Accountability Office

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GB

Gotland Basin

GD

Gdansk Basin

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GEF

Global Environment Facility

GESAMP

Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection

GFCM

General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean

GFP

Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union

GHSZ

Gas hydrate stability zone

GIS

Geo-informations system

GLODAP

Global Ocean Data Analysis Project

GOBI

Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative

GOF

Global Ocean Forum

GOODS

Global Open Oceans and Deep-Sea habitats (research report)

GPML

Global Partnership on Marine Litter

GPS

Global Positioning System

GRACE

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment

GRT

Gross Register Tonnage

Gt

Gigatonne

H

H⁺

Hydrogen cation (also termed proton

HABs

Harmful Algal Blooms

H₂ CO₃

Chemical formula for carbonic acid

HCO₃ ^-

Chemical formula for hydrogen carbonate ion

HELCOM

Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (Helsinki Commission)

HHI

Herfindahl-Hirschman Index

HLPF

High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development

HNLC

High nutrient, low chlorophyll

H₂O

Chemical formula for water

HSDRRS

Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System

I

IAATO

International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators

IAM

Integrated Assessment Model

IATTC

Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission

ICC

International Coastal Cleanup

ICCAT

International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas

ICES

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

ICJ

International Court of Justice

ICM

Integrated Coastal Management

ICP

Informal Consultative Process (on Oceans and the Law of the Sea)

ICRI

International Coral Reef Initiative

ICS

International Chamber of Shipping

ICSF

International Collective in Support of Fishworkers

ICSU

International Council for Science

ICSU/SCAR

ICSU Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

ICSU/SCOR

ICSU Scientific Committee on Ocean Research

ICZM

Integrated Coastal Zone Management

IEA

International Energy Agency

IJC

International Joint Commission

ILO

International Labour Organization

IMBER

Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research

IMO

International Maritime Organisation

IMTA

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture

InaTEWS

Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System

ILO

International Labour Organization

IOC

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

IOC CARIBE

IOC Sub-Commission for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions

IOC WESTPAC

IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific

IOC AFRICA

IOC Sub-Commission for Africa and the Adjacent Island States

IOI

International Ocean Institute

IOPC

International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds

IOTC

Indian Ocean Tuna Commission

IOTWS

Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System

IPANEMA

Initiative Partenariale Nationale pour l’émergence des Energies Marines; National Initiative for the Promotion of Marine Energy

IPBES

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiver- sity and Ecosystem Services

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPSO

International Programme on the State of the Ocean

ISA

International Seabed Authority

ISM-Code

International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention

ISSF

Information System on Small-Scale Fisheries

ITLOS

International Tribunal for the Law of the Seas

ITQs

Individual transferable quotas

IUCN

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

IUU-fishing

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing /dd>

IWC

International Whaling Commission Glossary

J

Jabodetabek

A conurbation comprising the cities of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi

JIT

Just-in-time-Produktion

JMA

Japan Meteorological Agency

JOGMEC

Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation

K

KSpG

Kohendioxid-Speicherungsgesetz; German Carbon ­Capture and Storage Act

L

LC

London Convention – Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter

LCA

Life cycle assessment

LCD

Liquid crystal display

LECZ

Low Elevation Coastal Zone

LED

Light emitting diode

LGM

Last Glacial Maximum

LME

Large Marine Ecosystem

LMMA

Locally-Managed Marine Area Network

LNG

Liquefied Natural Gas

LOHAFEX

Experiment of fertilizing the oceans with iron

LP

London Protocol; Updating LC

M

MA

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

MARPOL

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships

MBI

Monaco Blue Initiative

MDGs

Millennium Development Goals

MEA

Multilateral Environmental Agreement

MEABR

Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources

MEY

Maximum economic yield

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MMO

Marine Management Organisation

MOU

Memorandum of Understanding

MPA

Marine Protected Area

MRSA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MSC

Marine Stewardship Council; non-profit organization, founded of WWF and Unilever for certification of products from sustainable fishing

MSC

Munich Security Conference

MSFCM

Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act

MSFD

Marine Strategy Framework Directive

MSP

Marine Spatial Planning

MSY

Maximum sustainable yield

MW

Megawatt

N

NADW

North Atlantic Deep Water

NAFO

Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NAO

North Atlantic oscillation Glossary

NASCO

North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NbS

Nature-based Solutions

NDCs

Nationally determined contributions

NEAFC

North East Altlantic Fisheries Commission

NEAMTWS

North-Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and Connected Seas Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System

NEGIS

North East Greenland Ice Stream

NGO

Non-governmental organisation

NLWKN

Lower Saxony Water Management, Coastal Defence and Nature Conservation Agency

N₂O

Chemical formula for nitrous oxide, also termed laughing gas

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOWPAP

Northwest Pacific Action Plan

NSR

Northern Sea Route

NTZ

No Take Zone

O

OBS

Ocean-bottom seismometer

OCR

Ocean Conservation Research

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OHI

Ocean Health Index

OMZ

Oxygen Minimum Zone

OOC

Our Ocean Conference; annual event

OPA

Oil Pollution Act

OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

OSPAR

Oslo and Paris Convention; Convention for the Protection oft the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic

OTEC

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

OWG

Open Working Group

P

PA

Precautionary approach

PAHs

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PacMara

Pacific Marine Analysis and Research Association

PAME

Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment

PANC

Patrulla Antártica Naval Combinada

PATg

Patent Act

PBDE

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

PCBs

Polychlorinated biphenyls

PCZ

Prime crust zone

PDV

Phocine Distemper Virus

PEMSEA

Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia

PETM

Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum

PFAS

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances

PFCs

Polyfluorinated compounds

PFOA

Perfluorooctanoic acid

PFOS

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

POPs

Persistent organic pollutants

PFOS

Perfluorooctane sulfonate

ppm

Parts per million

ppt

Parts per thousand

PSC

Port State Control

PSMA

Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing

PSSA

Particularly sensitive sea area

PTWC

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center

R

RAC

Regional advisory council

RCPs

Representative Concentration Pathways

REACH

Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals

REMPEC

Regional Marine Pollution Emergency Response Centre for the Mediterranean Sea

RFB

Regional Fisheries Body

RFMO

Regional Fisheries Management Organisation

RNA

Ribonucleic Acid

ROV

Remotely Operated Vehicle

RP

Reference point

RPEN

Regulations on Prospecting and Exploration of Polymetallic Nodules

RSP

Regional Seas Programme

RuBisCO

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphat-carboxylase/-oxygenase

S

SAICM

Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management

SAR

Search and Rescue

SCAR

Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

SCR

Suez Canal Route

SEAFO

South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals

Si⁴⁺

Chemical formula for silicon cation

SiO₂

Chemical formula for silicon oxide

SIOFA

South Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement

SMPAs

Special Marine Protected Areas

SOFIA-Report

The state of world fisheries and aquaculture

SOI

Sustainable Ocean Initiative

SOLAS

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea

SOPAC

Secretariat of the Pacific Community Applied Geoscience and Technology Division

SOS

Sea swell-independent oil skimmer

SPRFMO

South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation

SRFC

Sub-Regional Fisheries Commission

SSPs

Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

STECF

Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries

T

TAC

Total allowable catch

TBT

Tributyltin

TBTI

Too Big To Ignore

TEU

Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit

TEV

Total Economic Value

TLP

Tension leg platform

TNT

Trinitrotoluene; explosive material

TRIPS

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

TURFs

Territorial Use Rights in Fisheries

TWh

Terawatt-hour

U

UN

United Nations

UNCCD

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa

UNCED

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

UNCLOS

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas Glossary

UNCLOS III

Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDG

UN Development Group

UNDP

UN Development Programme

UNEA

United Nations Environment Assembly

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UNFSA

United Nations Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement

UNHCR

United Nations Human Rights Council

UN-OHRLLS

UN Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States

UNGA

United Nations General Assembly

UNSG

Secretary-General of the UN

UNWTO

United Nations World Tourism Organization

USD

Currency code of US american dollar

USGS

United States Geological Survey

UV

ultraviolet

V

VDS

Vessel Detection System

VME

Vulnerable marine ecosystem

VMS

Vessel Monitoring System

VOS

Voluntary Observing Ships Programme

W

WBGU

Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen; German Advisory Council on Global Change

WCED

World Commission on Environment and Development

WCPFC

Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission

WEP

Wind Energy Plant

WMO

World Meteorological Organization

WOC

World Ocean Council

WSSD

World Summit on Sustainable Development

WTA

willingness to accept

WTO

World Trade Organization

WTP

willingness to pay

WWF

World Wide Fund For Nature